Type 2 Diabetes Research

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The increase in the prevalence of type 2diabetes is causing huge health problem through out the world including developed countries. Mostly people with low income groups are affected in developed countries (Zimmet 2001). The magnitude of the healthcare problem of type 2 diabetes results mainly from its association with obesity and cardiovascular risk factors. Indeed, type 2 diabetes has now been identified as one manifestation of the “metabolic syndrome”, a condition characterised by insulin resistance and associated with a range of cardiovascular factors (Jonathan 2003)
According to Zimmet (2001), about 150 million people in the world have been suffering with diabetes and it would be 300 million by 2025. Another interesting study by AusDiab …show more content…
Depression is another factor that is related to diabetes among higher rates of people but more research needs to be done (Lewis et al. 2014). The genetic determinants of type 2 diabetes are still not clearly defined, except in the few people with an early-onset and maturity onset of young people in whom specific genetic mutations ((eg. glucokinase gene) have been identified. (Williams 1998). Poverty and deprivation are two factors that are affecting all ethnicities living in British inner city areas (Linda 2005). The known cause of type 2 diabetes is mainly due to insulin resistance where the body is unable to use insulin correctly because of increased body fat. (saad et al 2005).

Prediabetes is the earliest stage of type 2 diabetes where glucose levels are slightly more than the normal but not in diabetic range (CDC 2011). According to Bertram (2010) most people would be careless in the first 10 years of the natural history when there are chances for the disorder to treat easily. According to CDC (2011), nearly 79 million people are prediabetic and about 7 million are early type 2 diabetics who were largely unrecognized in America as they are unable to screen to find the states of dysglycemia (CDC …show more content…
World Health Organisation reviewed the criteria for laboratory diagnosis tests of type 2 diabetes in 2006 which were based on the recommendations of experts in 1977.A patient will be confirmed with diabetes if a single fasting blood glucose is greater than 6.1mmol/l or random blood glucose is greater than 10mmol/l on atleast two occasions (Chris 2012). WHO recommended the use of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) as the only alternative diagnostic test in 2011 recommending an HbA1c level of ≥ 6.5% (≥ 48 mmol/L) and the American Diabetes Association (ADA) has also considered that HbA1c of between 5.7 and 6.4% (39–47 mmol/L) as ‘high risk’ and the equivalent of IGT or 'pre-diabetes' (Sullivan nicholoides pathology 2015). According to the research study from south Australia, only 27% patients are identified as diabetic based on the OGTT test. An appropriate diet and overnight fasting is mandatory for the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and also it takes atleast 2hours for the test to be done. The glucose load is poorly tolerated by a significant number of people, with nausea, vomiting, delayed gastric emptying and issues of venous access that are leading to inaccurate test results and need to be repeated (Valentine
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